The average amount of shrinkage in West European businesses comes to 1.42 per cent. This amounts to € 28.9 bn overall, or the entire retail turnover of Norway. This has emerged from a survey carried out by the Centre of Retail Research in Nottingham, the results of which were presented at the beginning of April to the Source Tagging Forum in Barcelona. The organisers explained that representatives of retail groups discussed the possibility of introducing source-tagging based on digital radio frequency technology, known as RF, as a global standard.